福网君画节气|这些福州特有的清明习俗你知道吗?
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[????????]?????????? ?????? ????? ????? μ?νο? (monos) ???? ????, ??? ???? "???",[??] ??? θε?? (theos) ????, ??? ???? "?????"?[??] μονοθεισμ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????; ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? μον?θεον ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????[??] ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? (????–????)?[??]
?????????? ???? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????, ?? ?????? ???????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???, ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????, ?????????????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ??, ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???, ???????? ?????, ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????, ?? ????? ? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ??????? ????[??]
"??????????" ?????? ??????? "?????????" ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????, ????????? ?? "??-????? ???????" (one-god discourse) ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????[??]
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????, ??? ?????? (???????????? ????) ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???, ?? ????? ?? ??????—?? ???????????? ??????—??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????[??] ??? ?? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??, ???? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? (???????????? ???–???) ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???, ??????? ????? ? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???, ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????, ??? ??? ????? ??????
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[????????]- ↑ "14.2: Types of Religions"? ? ??? ?????
- ↑ ? ? ? "Monotheism"? Encyclop?dia Britannica? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ?????
- ↑ Monotheism? Hutchinson Encyclopedia (12th edition)? ??. ????
- ↑ Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., ?????. (1974)? "Monotheism"? The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (??? ???????)? ?????????: Oxford University Press?
- ↑ William Wainwright (????)? "Monotheism"? Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy? Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ?????
- ↑ Frank E. Eakin, Jr. The Religion and Culture of Israel (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1971), 70.
- ↑ Mackintosh, Robert (????)? "Monolatry and Henotheism"? Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics? ???? VIII? ??. ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????
- ↑ ?????: Catholic Encyclopedia, Monotheism ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????-??-?? ??????, William F. Albright, H. Richard Niebuhr ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????
- ↑ Obeid, Anis (????)? The Druze & Their Faith in Tawhid? Syracuse University Press? ??. ?? ???????? ???-?-????-????-?? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?????
- ↑ Stroumsa, Guy G. (????)? The Making of the Abrahamic Religions in Late Antiquity? Oxford: Oxford University Press?
- ↑ ? ? Ferrero, Mario (????)? "From Polytheism to Monotheism: Zoroaster and Some Economic Theory"? Homo Oeconomicus? ?? (1–4): ??–???? ?????:10.1007/s41412-021-00113-4?
- ↑ Hayes, Christine (????)? "Understanding Biblical Monotheism"? Introduction to the Bible? The Open Yale Courses Series? ??? ??????? ??? ?????: Yale University Press? ??. ??–??? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? j.ctt32bxpm.6?
- ↑ * McDaniel, J. (?? ?????????? ????)? "A Modern Hindu Monotheism: Indonesian Hindus as 'People of the Book'"? The Journal of Hindu Studies? ? (3)? Oxford University Press (OUP): ???–???? ?????:10.1093/jhs/hit030? ???????? 1756-4255?
- Zoroastrian Studies: The Iranian Religion and Various Monographs, 1928 – Page 31, A. V. Williams Jackson – 2003
- Global Institutions of Religion: Ancient Movers, Modern Shakers – Page 88, Katherine Marshall – 2013
- Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia – Page 348, James B. Minahan – 2012
- Introduction To Sikhism – Page 15, Gobind Singh Mansukhani – 1993
- The Popular Encyclopedia of World Religions – Page 95, Richard Wolff – 2007
- Focus: Arrogance and Greed, America's Cancer – Page 102, Jim Gray – 2012
- ↑ Monos ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????-??-?? ??????, Henry George Liddell ? Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, Perseus ???????
- ↑ Theos ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????-??-?? ??????, ??? ??????
- ↑ The compound μονοθεισμ?? is current only in Modern Greek. There is a single attestation of μον?θεον in a Byzantine hymn (Canones Junii 20.6.43; A. Acconcia Longo and G. Schirò, Analecta hymnica graeca, vol. 11 e codicibus eruta Italiae inferioris. Rome: Istituto di Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici. Università di Roma, 1978)
- ↑ More, Henry (????)? An Explanation of the Grand Mystery of Godliness? London: Flesher & Morden? ??. ???
- ↑ ? ? Ballentine, Debra Scoggins (?? ??????? ????)? ""Monotheism" and the Hebrew Bible"? Religion Compass? ?? (1)? ?????:10.1111/rec3.12425? ???????? 1749-8171? ????????? 244280953?
- ↑ Sharma, Chandradhar (????)? "Chronological Summary of History of Indian Philosophy"? Indian Philosophy: A Critical Survey? New York: Barnes & Noble? ??. vi?
- ↑ "Rig Veda: Rig-Veda, Book 10: HYMN CXC. Creation."? www.sacred-texts.com? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ? ????? ?????
- ↑ ? ? Gnuse, Robert Karl (? ?? ????)? No Other Gods: Emergent Monotheism in Israel? Sheffield Academic Press? ??. ???? ???????? ?-?????-???-??
- ↑ Homer H. Dubs, "Theism and Naturalism in Ancient Chinese Philosophy", Philosophy of East and West, Vol. 9, No. 3/4, 1959
- ↑ Yasna, XLIV.7
- ↑ "First and last for all Eternity..." (Yasna 31.8)
- ↑ "Vispanam Datarem", ??????? ??????? (Yasna 44.7)
- ↑ "Data Angheush", ?????? ??????? (Yasna 50.11)
- ↑ "The Zend Avesta, Part II (SBE23): Nyayis: I. Kh?rshêd Nyayis"? www.sacred-texts.com? ? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ? ????? ?????
- ↑ Hintze, Almut (?? ???????? ????)? "Monotheism the Zoroastrian Way"? Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (?????? ??????)? ?? (2): ???–???? ?????:10.1017/S1356186313000333? ???????? 1356-1863?
- ↑ "Ethical monotheism"? britannica.com? Encyclop?dia Britannica, Inc.? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ↑ Fischer, Paul? "Judaism and Ethical Monotheism"? platophilosophy? The University of Vermont Blogs? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
- ↑ Nikiprowetzky, V. (1975). Ethical monotheism. (2 ed., Vol. 104, pp. 69-89). New York: The MIT Press Article Stable. ??????? 20024331
- ↑ ? ? Wells, Colin (????)? "How Did God Get Started?"? Arion? ??.? (Fall)? ? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
...as any student of ancient philosophy can tell you, we see the first appearance of a unitary God not in Jewish scripture, but in the thought of the Greek philosopher Plato...
- ↑ Armstrong, Karen (????)? A History of God: The 4,000-Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam? New York City, New York: Ballantine Books? ??. ?? ???????? ???-???????????
- ↑ Armstrong, Karen (????)? A History of God: The 4,000-Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam? New York City, New York: Ballantine Books? ???????? ???-???????????
- ↑
Compare: Theissen, Gerd (????)? "III: Biblical Monotheism in an Evolutionary Perspective"? Biblical Faith: An Evolutionary Approach? Bowden, John ?????? ??????? Minneapolis: Fortress Press (???? ?????? ????????)? ??. ??? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}:|????????-?????=?? ????|??????=???????? (???????) - ↑ Noort, Ed (????)? "Abraham and the Nations"? Goodman, Martin; van Kooten, George H.; van Ruiten, Jacques T.A.G.M. (?????????)? Abraham, the Nations, and the Hagarites: Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Perspectives on Kinship with Abraham? Themes in Biblical Narrative: Jewish and Christian Traditions? ???? ??? Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers? ??. ?–??? ?????:10.1163/9789004216495_003? ???????? ???-??-??-?????-?? ???????? 1388-3909?
- ↑ "A Short Introduction to Sikhism"? Multifaithcentre.org? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ? ??? ?????
- ↑ Darnell, J. C., & Manassa, C. (2007). Tutankhamun's Armies: Battle and conquest during ancient Egypt's Late Eighteenth Dynasty. John Wiley & Sons.
- ↑ Ostler, Jeffry. The Plains Sioux and U.S. Colonialism from Lewis and Clark to Wounded Knee. Cambridge University Press, Jul 5, 2004. ???????? ??????????, pg 26.
- ↑ "Concept Of God In Hinduism By Dr Naik"? Islam101.com? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ? ??? ?????
- ↑ Dubs, Homer H. (????)? "Theism and Naturalism in Ancient Chinese Philosophy"? Philosophy East and West? ? (3/4): ???–???? ?????:10.2307/1397096? ???????? 0031-8221? ??????? 1397096? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????
It does not necessarily imply monotheism, however, since, in addition to the Supreme High-god or Heaven, there were also the ordinary gods (shen) and the ancestral spirits (guei), all of whom were worshipped in the Jou royal cult.
- ↑ ??????? ??????:
<ref>????? ??? ???;Asatrian-Arakelova 2014????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? - ↑ ??????? ??????:
<ref>????? ??? ???;Allison 2017????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? - ↑ Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D.Q. (????)? The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World? Oxford, England: Oxford University Press? ??. ???–??? and ???–???? ???????? ???-?-??-??????-??
- ↑ Schürmann, Reiner; Lily, Reginald (????)? Broken Hegemonies? Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press? ??. ???–???? ???????? ?-???-?????-?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
- ↑ David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion and the Natural History of Religion, ?????. J. C. A. Gaskin, ??? ??????: Oxford University Press, 1983, ??. ??–???
- ↑ The Catechism of Positive Religion, ?????? ???
- ↑ Mark S. Smith, The Origins of Biblical Monotheism: Israel's Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts, (????? ????)? ?????? ??? Oxford University Press?
- ↑ Berchman, Robert M. (?? ????)? "The Political Foundations of Tolerance in the Greco-Roman Period"? Neusner, Jacob; Chilton, Bruce (?????????)? Religious Tolerance in World Religions? Templeton Foundation Press (???? ?????? ????????)? ??. ??? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ? ????? ?????
- ↑ Regina Schwartz, The Curse of Cain: The Violent Legacy of Monotheism, The University of Chicago Press, 1997 ???????? ???-?-???-?????-?
- ↑ Arvind Sharma, A Primal Perspective on the Philosophy of Religion, ????????: Springer, 2006, ??. ???
??? ?????
[????????]- Dever, William G.; (2003). Who Were the Early Israelites?, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, MI.
- K?chler, Hans. The Concept of Monotheism in Islam and Christianity. Vienna: Braumüller, 1982. ???????? ?-????-????-? (Google Print)
- Kirsch, Jonathan. God Against The Gods: The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism. Penguin Books. 2005.
- Leibowitz, Ilya. Monotheism in Judaism as a Harbinger of Science, Eretz Acheret Magazine
- Silberman, Neil A.; and colleagues, Simon and Schuster; (2001) The Bible Unearthed New York.
- Whitelam, Keith; (1997). The Invention of Ancient Israel, Routledge, New York.
?????????
[????????]
??????????? ??????????-?? ???????? ?????? ??????
- About.com "What is Monolatry?" (Contains useful comparisons with henoteism etc.)
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Christian Monotheism (biblical unitarians)
- Deism
